Green Pearl Electronics Pvt. Ltd (GPEPL) estimates a rooftop solar power plant to cost between Rs. 55 – 60 per Watt -as of 2016, depending on the quality of components chosen. With technological advancement, year on year, solar industry is experiencing significant price reductions. The cost estimate provided takes into account the cost of major components, system design and installation. However battery costs are not taken into account.

Whether solar power can replace your diesel consumption entirely depends on a number of factors such as the nature and timing of the load, the extent of load shedding, the area of roof available, etc. Some of the factors that constrain the supply of rooftop solar power include the interim nature of solar energy, fluctuations in power output, limitations of solar system capacity owing to area constraints, etc.

The area required by a rooftop PV plant depends on the extent of shade-free space available and solar panel efficiency. A solar PV system typically requires 100 square feet (about 10 sq.m) of shade free roof area per kW of capacity at current crystalline panel efficiency levels.

The amount of electricity generated by a rooftop solar PV plant depends on the location, orientation of the roof, panel efficiency, and ambient temperature. As a rule of thumb, a 1 kWp plant will generate about 4 kWh (units) of electricity a day on average in a year.

A rooftop solar PV system primarily comprises of Solar PV Modules (panels), Inverters, and Mounting Structures. If battery backup is required Batteries and Charge Controllers would also be integrated with the system.

Warranties Solar panels typically have 10 years’ manufacturer’s warranty with additional performance warranty of 25 years. Other system components (inverters, mounting structures, batteries, junction boxes, etc.) typically have 1 -5 years’ manufacturer’s warranty. Certifications Each component of the plant should conform to various IEC (international) or IS (Indian) standards. Panels should conform to IEC 61215/IS 14286 for design qualification and type approval, IEC 61730 for safety, and IEC 61701/IS 61701 for salt mist corrosion (for use in coastal areas)

The capacity of the rooftop solar plant you require to power your facility should be calculated keeping in mind your requirements, your constraints, and the amount of sunlight available. Rooftop space is the most likely constraint that will limit the size of your solar plant. If the size of the plant is not sufficient to power your entire facility, you can choose between powering light loads, powering critical loads, and using a solar-diesel hybrid.

Not all rooftop solar plants generate power during a power failure; only some do. The difference lies in the inverter and the functionality it supports. Grid-interactive and hybrid inverters supply electricity even during a power failure while grid-tied and off-grid inverters don’t.

There are 3 alternatives to building your own rooftop solar plant

a) 3rd Party Sale – Where a solar IPP sells power to the energy consumer using grid infrastructure to deliver the power. Many charges are applicable in addition to the cost of power

b) Group Captive – Where a group of energy consumers or a plant developer and consumers jointly own a power plant. Charges are similar to 3rd Party Sale except cross-subsidy charges are not applicable

c) BOO(T) – Under the Build Own Operate (Transfer) model the solar system provider bears the investment of installing the plant on the consumer’s rooftop, and the consumer only pays for power generated by the plant. This model has the least charges over the cost of power

There are various solar policies that incentives rooftop solar in India. Central government schemes include 80% accelerated depreciation, capital subsidy of 30% and more based on location, and Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). Some states have further incentives under their own solar policies. Permissions primarily deal with ensuring the grid isn’t congested by receiving approval from local power distribution authorities.

LED stands for Light-Emitting Diode. The movement of electrons through a semiconductor material causes tiny light sources to become illuminated. A small amount of heat is released backwards.

No. As LED is Unidirectional & it doesn’t scatter light. Hence there is no wastage of Light Output & No Reflectors required.

• Ultra Low Power Consumption
• Low Voltage Requirement
• No Starter & No Flickering
• Longer Operating Life
• No UV, No Infra Red and No Mercury
• Easy Handling

Lux is an SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance.

It is the amount of light reflected by a surface. It is measured in foot lamberts.

Illuminance: The total amount of visible light illuminating at point on a surface.

Efficacy is used in situations where the output and input units differ. Efficacy is calculated by the ratio of Lumen Output and Input Wattage. The Unit of Efficacy is lm/W.

Lifetime is 50000 hours. In Years 14 years will be the life time for 10hrs of working per day.

We provide one year of replacement warranty and one year of service warranty.

THD stands for Total Harmonic Distortion. The distortion is feedback caused by deviation from the sinusoidal waveform.

The industry standard is less than 20%. If the THD is very high (>30%), an electrical fire can occur.

Camera body, lens, mounting bracket, cable, AC Adapter are the basic parts to produce video and many economic mini camera packages come with all of these parts. You may add a CCTV monitor (if you don't use your own TV), quad splitter or switcher to combine more than one camera, Time Lapse VCR, outdoor housing case and other accessories. Or, you may choose wireless systems to avoid cabling. Network based Web Camera Servers are popular for remote surveillance via the Internet and for convenience in LAN or WAN systems.

You can use quad splitter or 4 channel switcher to combine up to 4 cameras into one monitor or TV. Or, many "observation systems" come with all in one package, including quad or switcher built-in monitor and 4 cameras. If you need only 2 or 3 cameras, a switching system should be enough. If you only need one camera, using a standard TV rather than special monitor will cut expense. You may need a 8 channel switcher or multi-plexer to see more than four cameras on one monitor.

If you want to mount a CCTV camera outdoors you will generally need to use an outdoor housing case, with or without heater and/or blower. The heater and/or blower built-in housing cases generally require separate power supply. Some cameras are made water resistant and don't need separate housing cases. Some of them also have removable sun-visor covers.

Commercial infrared cameras, some of which are also water-resistant for outdoor installation, can see up to 30ft distance in total darkness. If you need to see farther, you may need professional infrared illuminators but they are usually expensive and complicated to install due to its emission of heat. Infrared cameras work as ordinary video camera during daytime. Most colour infrared cameras work as B/W ones at night. Minimum illumination for most B/W cameras these days is 0.1 lux so you will not necessarily need infrared cameras or illuminators if there is some kind of ambient lighting.

Widely used and recommended angle of view of the lens for surveillance purpose is 72o to 78o Narrower will give you clearer pictures. Wide angles like 92o can cover more area but it may not contain the required detail or may be distorted.

A manual zoom lens of, for example, 3.5 ~ 8.0mm will allow you to manually adjust angle of view from 3.5mm to 8.0mm. 3.5mm equates to about 90o of diagonal view angle on 1/3 " sensor camera and 8.0mm sees about 38o. Auto zoom lens can be adjusted at the control centre or from your computer.

A little of auto iris functions are built-in in most of cameras included in most observation systems today. But, when you use professional cameras you may need to separate DC drive auto iris, a motorized device to meet the changes of lighting condition of the sun. Generally, auto iris device is not necessary for indoor application with artificial lightings.

A DC powered "auto iris" function is basically used to regulate the amount of light entering the camera in different lighting conditions. They are often used to amplify light for a lens to obtain a more defined picture view for the camera. Use of such a camera and lens outfit can dramatically improve performance in lower lux conditions. You can often spot such a setup by seeing a cord between the back of the camera body and the lens itself. It is there to provide a means to deliver the DC voltage from. You cannot simply attach such a lens to any camera- even if the mount is a perfect fit. DC auto iris lenses require voltage and, therefore, a camera with a compatible DC auto iris output port. This is why it is recommended that you purchase a lens and camera together from the same company.

A DC powered "auto iris" function is basically used to regulate the amount of light entering the camera in different lighting conditions. They are often used to amplify light for a lens to obtain a more defined picture view for the camera. Use of such a camera and lens outfit can dramatically improve performance in lower lux conditions. You can often spot such a setup by seeing a cord between the back of the camera body and the lens itself. It is there to provide a means to deliver the DC voltage from. You cannot simply attach such a lens to any camera- even if the mount is a perfect fit. DC auto iris lenses require voltage and, therefore, a camera with a compatible DC auto iris output port. This is why it is recommended that you purchase a lens and camera together from the same company.

A pinhole lens with a tiny opening can be hidden easily in a wall or ceiling or other objects. Many economically priced mini cameras have built-in pinhole lens . A pinhole lens for professional camera is very expensive.

If you use 1 camera, a simple TV (which has RCA video input) is definitely recommended. Even for more than 1 camera, if you use combiner like quad splitter or switcher, a TV would be fine. But, for special features like slave video output (to be connected to additional monitor), alarm systems or for packaged observation systems, you may need professional CCTV monitors.

Unless it is necessary to see four pictures at the same time on quad split screen, a switching system which shows the pictures one by one (you can control dwelling time) is recommended for its larger image.

12" was the popular size during over the years but these days, 14" for colour and 17" for B/W have become very popular. Or, 4" LCD monitor to place on the desk is another choice.

Wireless systems can be convenient to avoid cabling works, but can be affected by high voltage power lines nearby, unseen razor waves, huge machines like lathe, metal walls etc. Some wireless systems transmit locally up to 300ft and others up to 700ft. Coaxial cable is conventional in this field and proper for professional cameras. It goes up to 450ft without losing the picture quality. Multiple wires like DIN carries not only video but also audio and power. It can be extended up to 250ft. For remote surveillance, you should consider web cameras.

For professional cameras, the power source is better located close to the camera. You may use 12VDC AC adapter if the camera is installed indoors and if the power outlet is within 5ft. If a professional camera is installed outdoors or the power outlet is located far away, you should use 24VAC AC Adapter. For DIN cables, which come with pre-packaged observation systems or mini camera package, the power source can be close to the monitoring site, but the distance from the power source to the camera should be less than 250ft.

When you need to send the video image more than 250ft on mini DIN or RCA cable, or 450ft on coaxial cable, you will need to use video amplifier. You may also need a video amplifier when you want to connect one camera to 2 monitors.

Many observation systems have built-in time & date generator. But, most mini cameras don't have them and you need one if you want the time & date shown on the monitor. Time Lapse VCR usually has built-in time/date generator.

In many cases, the motion sensors are possible to connect to existing CCTV systems however they are difficult to sight correctly. However, in digital video recording systems, where the motion detectable area can be assigned with software using a computer monitor, motion detection is simple and easy.

Pan, tilt and Zoom functionality is required in special circumstances and is generally expensive. There are however some systems with built in PTZ which is easy to install, maintain and control.

Conventional Time Lapse VCR, even though inconvenient to review the recorded pictures, is surely economical than DVR (Digital Video Recorder). DVR is getting more and more popular for its convenience and picture quality. (Standard home VCRs are not good to run 24 hours a day and some are only for play, not being able to record.)

With a video capture card which converts analog signals to digital ones, you can connect any CCTV video camera to the computer if it has enough capacity to handle the video files. The more common method is to use web cameras which run fast over the Internet or Intranet (LAN or WAN) with small file sizes. Many so-called "PC cameras" uses C-MOS chip instead of CCD chip and also requires separate software.